EXPRESSING MILD OBLIGATION (SHOULD AND OUGHT TO)
WARM-UP. Say what SOME childhood obligations are. Example: We used to go to school. We had to do homework
What obligations do you have as students? Are obligations part of the human being? why?
What are some children's duties? Example: We have to help our parents
SHOULD VS OUGHT TO
Healthy Living in Busy Times
In today's fast-paced world, we all ought to prioritize our health more seriously. Adults should aim for at least eight hours of sleep each night, but many ignore this basic need. You ought to start your day with a nutritious breakfast instead of skipping it—you should never rely on coffee alone.
Exercise is crucial too. People should walk or jog 30 minutes daily to stay fit, yet office workers often sit all day. Young people ought to limit screen time; they should play sports outdoors rather than scrolling endlessly. Parents ought to model good habits—their kids should see them eating vegetables, not junk food.
Mentally, we ought to practice mindfulness to reduce stress. You should talk to friends when feeling down, not bottle up emotions. Society should promote work-life balance so everyone can thrive. If we all followed these guidelines, we'd live longer, happier lives. What changes ought you to make today? Start small—you should feel the benefits soon!
According to the text, how many hours of sleep should adults
aim for each night?
Why does the author say young people ought to limit screen
time?
What should parents model for their kids regarding food?
What does "bottle up emotions" mean in the context
of mental health?
How much daily exercise does the text recommend?
What final question does the text ask the reader to reflect
on?
SHOULD OR OUGHT TO? CONVERSATION TOPICS. Example:
A: "Governments ought to ban single-use
plastics to protect oceans."
B: "Yes, or they should fine polluters
heavily."
Social Problems
Cities suffer from serious air pollution every day.
Many families live in poverty without enough food.
Childhood obesity rates keep increasing in schools.
Bullying happens frequently on social media and playgrounds.
Traffic congestion makes everyone late during rush hour.
Young people struggle to find jobs after graduation.
Climate change causes extreme weather worldwide.
Gender inequality limits opportunities for women at work.
GIVE ADVICE --- SPIN THE WHEEL
Role Play Questions
What should you do to improve your English speaking this month? (Student A asks; B shares real goals and role plays giving advice back.)
Ought you to spend less time on social media? Why or why not? (Discuss habits, then switch roles.)
What ought your family to change about daily routines at home? (Talk childhood responsibilities, role play family talk.)
Should you exercise more to stay healthy? How would you start? (Personal health from the text, practice giving reasons.)
What should governments do about traffic in your city? Ought drivers to use southbound buses more? (Real local issues, debate solutions.)
REPORTED SPEECH (ADVANCED)
SAY ONE SENTENCE IN THE TENSES MARKED BELOW... YOUR PARTNER WILL REPORT WHAT YOU'VE JUST SAID:
Present simple
Present continuous
Future simple
Would
Should
be going to (present)
Past perfect simple
Past perfect continuous
Past continuous
Imperative +
Imperative -
(Make 2 rounds)
MAKE A SENTENCE WITH THE VERBS BELOW AND LET YOUR PARTNER REPORT WHAT YOU SAID:
WHAT DOES THIS READING? DISCUSS
The Rise of Artificial Intelligence
Artificial Intelligence (AI) is transforming our world faster than ever. From virtual assistants like Siri to self-driving cars, AI powers daily tasks and groundbreaking innovations. Machine learning, a key part of AI, allows computers to learn from data without being explicitly programmed. Companies like Google and OpenAI lead this revolution, developing tools that predict weather, diagnose diseases, and even create art.
However, AI raises ethical concerns. Privacy issues arise as algorithms track our online behavior, while job displacement worries many workers. In Colombia, AI is boosting agriculture through smart drones that monitor crops in the Andes. Yet, the digital divide limits access in rural areas. Experts predict AI will grow exponentially by 2030, demanding new regulations.
Despite challenges, AI's potential excites educators. Tools like chatbots help students practice English grammar interactively. Embracing AI thoughtfully ensures a brighter, more equitable future.
REPORT WITH THESE VERBS:
Deny
Claim
Suggest
Admit
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
EXPRESSING HIPOTHESES ... MIGHT HAVE - COULD HAVE
WArm-UP. What was that event that happened in Colombia that left many stunned? Explain: could there have been any possibility to change it?
ASK EACH OTHER QUESTIONS IN PRESENT PERFECT.... DO SOME ROUNDS
What could have happened if you missed the bus yesterday?
Cartagena looks more expensive now. Prices might have gone up for tourists. Do you agree?
Here are two readings of about 180 words each on Colombian cultural topics, at A2-B1 level. They include might have, could have, phrasal verbs (like dress up, turn up, carry on), and idioms (like hit the nail on the head, go with the flow). Each has 5 questions for speculation practice.
Reading 1: Carnival of Barranquilla (181 words)
Every year, Barranquilla lights up with the Carnival, a big party full of music and dance. People dress up in bright costumes and fill up the streets. Last time, the parade kicked off late. "The rain might have held it up," said Carlos. His sister replied, "No, the floats could have broken down on the way." They joined in anyway, dancing cumbia. "You hit the nail on the head—it's all about fun!" laughed Carlos. Groups *carried on with drums and marimondas. Tourists turned up from everywhere, amazed by the mix of African, indigenous, and Spanish roots. The queen waved as confetti rained down. Even if plans go off track, locals go with the flow. This UNESCO event brings out Colombia's joy. It wraps up with Joselito's burial, but the spirit *lives on.
Questions
Why do you think the parade started late? It might have...
What could have happened to the floats?
People went with the flow. What does that mean?
Tourists might have loved the costumes. Why?
How could the carnival end differently next year?
Reading 2: Feria de las Flores in Medellín (178 words)
In August, Medellín comes alive with the Feria de las Flores. Silleteros carry on their backs huge flower arrangements up the mountains. Last year, one group fell behind. "They might have run out of energy," thought Ana. Her friend said, "The path could have turned slippery from rain." They cheered on the farmers anyway. "You hit the nail on the head—hard work pays off!" said Ana. Parades roll out with silletas blooming in colors. Music *pipes up and people kick back at concerts. This tradition hands down from grandparents shows Antioquia's pride. Crowds pile in to see the Desfile. Even if weather acts up, everyone keeps going. The fair winds down with fireworks, leaving smiles all around.
Questions
Why might the silleteros have fallen behind?
What could have made the path tricky?
They cheered on the group. What does that mean?
The fair might have more visitors this year. Why?
How could the parade improve? It could have...
Why is Carnaval de Barranquilla so famous? The floats might have...
What makes silleteros special in Medellín's Feria de las Flores? They could have...
How has cumbia music changed over time? It might have started...
Why do Colombians love arepas every day? Rice might have been...
-------------------------------------------------
EXPRESSING PURPOSE: IN ORDER TO--- IN ORDER THAT
WARM-UP: Why do children have to study? Why is Chinese becoming important? Why is E-Learning more important than 20 years ago?
Round of questions. Try to make up a story or justification with these questions. Example: Student 1: Global warming is detrimental as it impacts our trees and rivers- Student 2: It can also lead to more cancer cases and ...
. Climate change worsens natural disasters yearly.
2. Housing affordability crises displace millions globally.
3. Youth unemployment sparks protests in developing nations.
Provide a solution. Example:
We need to study in order to be professionals and influence on our country somehow
Purpose Practice Sentences
I study English in order to ________.
She saves money in order that ________.
We exercise daily in order to ________.
He reads books in order that ________.
They recycle plastic in order to ________.
I wake up early in order that ________.
She practices piano in order to ________.
We plant trees in order that ________.
He learns coding in order to ________.
They travel abroad in order that ________.
USE BECAUSE OR IN ORDER TO O IN ORDER THAT TO ANSWER THESE QUESTIONS
Why are you looking up that word?
Why do you get up so early every day?
Why is she turning down the job offer?
Why are they putting off the meeting?
Why does he give up on his goals?
Why are you cramming for the exam?
Why do they carry on despite problems?
Why is she dropping out of class?
Why are you working out every morning?
Why does he hold back from speaking?
READING - DISCUSSION TOPIC
In today's interconnected world, countries collaborate in order to combat climate change effectively. Leaders sign international agreements in order that future generations inherit a healthier planet. Developing nations invest in solar panels in order to reduce reliance on fossil fuels. Communities plant trees in order that they absorb carbon dioxide and prevent floods.
Cultural festivals unite people in order to preserve ancient traditions amid globalization. In Japan, families celebrate Hanami in order that cherry blossoms remind them of life's fleeting beauty. Mexican communities hold Día de los Muertos in order to honor ancestors and strengthen family bonds. Indigenous groups worldwide teach native languages in order that young people maintain their heritage despite modern influences.
Global education programs train teachers in order to bridge literacy gaps in rural areas. Organizations fund scholarships in order that talented students from poor backgrounds access universities. Cultural exchanges send youth abroad in order to foster mutual understanding between nations. Museums digitize artifacts in order that anyone worldwide explores history online. These efforts promote peace in order to build a more tolerant society. Despite challenges, purposeful actions create lasting cultural and global progress.
WHY PRACTICING MINDFULNESS IS VITAL
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
TALKING ABOUT IMAGINARY SITUATIONS: MIXED CONDITIONALS
WHAT SUPERPOWERS WOULD YOU LIKE TO HAVE IF YOU HAD THE CHANCE TO ASK FOR THEM?
IF YOU WEREN'T HERE IN THIS ROOM RIGHT NOW, WHERE WOULD YOU HAVE LIKED TO BE IF YOU DIDN'T NEED ENGLISH CLASSES AT ALL?
IF YOU HAD LEARNED ENGLISH EARLIER IN LIFE, WHAT WOULD YOU BE DOING AT THIS MOMENT, DO YOU THINK?
MIXED CONDITIONAL - EXPLAINED - VIDEO
CONDITIONALS IN MOVIES AND SONGS
DIALOGUE - READING PRACTICE
Alex: Hey Maria, if you had moved to Bogotá earlier, what job would you have now?
Maria: That's a good one. If I had moved there, I would be working at a big publishing house.
Alex: Really? Why didn't you go?
Maria: Well, if I spoke perfect English back then, I would have gotten that scholarship abroad.
Alex: True. If I had studied photography seriously, I could be traveling the world professionally.
Maria: Exactly! But if we had started our blog sooner, we might have thousands of followers now.
Alex: Haha, if I weren't so busy teaching, I would have learned video editing already.
Maria: If you had, our content would have gone viral last year.
Alex: Lesson learned. Next time, if we save more money, we could visit Medellín together.
Maria: Deal—if I finish my master's, we would plan that trip right away!
ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS AS YOU WISH. THEY HAVE MIXED CONDITIONALS
If you had studied harder in school, what job would you have in Bogotá now?
If you had saved money earlier, what trip around Colombia would you be enjoying today?
If you had learned English in high school, what international opportunities would you have now?
If your family weren't so big, what big house would you have bought already?
If you spoke perfect Spanish without slang, what radio job would you have gotten last year?
If you weren't working so many hours, what salsa classes would you have taken already?
If you had moved to Medellín sooner, what paisa friends would you have made by now?
If coffee prices had stayed high, what farm upgrades would you have done last harvest?
If you were taller, what Colombian soccer team would you have joined as a kid?
If you had fixed your moto earlier, what beach trips to Cartagena would you be planning now?
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
EXPRESSING HYPOTHESES AND THINGS YOU WISH WERE HAPPENING. GIVE ADVICE
If you won a million dollars, what would you do?
If you could live anywhere in the world, where would you live?
If you were the president of Colombia, what would you change?
If you had one day to do anything, what would you do?
If you could speak any language perfectly, which one would you choose?
If you met Shakira tomorrow, what would you ask her?
If you could travel back in time, which year would you visit?
If you were invisible for a day, what would you do?
If you had a magic wand, what would you change about Medellín?
If you could have any job in the world, what would it be?
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Purpose and Intention Practice: SO THAT, IN ORDER TO
.png)
Daily Routine Sharing
In pairs, students describe their morning routine using purpose clauses: "I wake up early in order to exercise" or "I set my alarm so that I don't oversleep." Each shares 5 examples; partner asks follow-ups like "Why?" for 8 minutes. [conversation_history]
Goal-Setting Role-Play
Pairs role-play life coaching: One states ambitions ("I study English in order that I get a better job"), the other suggests improvements ("Save money so that you travel more"). Switch roles; include 4-6 clauses each. [conversation_history]
Future Plans Debate
Groups of 3 debate relocation: "Move to Medellín in order to learn Spanish faster" vs. "Stay here so that family visits easily." Each side uses 5 purpose sentences; vote on most convincing plan after 10 minutes. [conversation_history][user-information]
Advice Exchange Chain
In a circle, students give travel advice: "Pack light in order that you move freely" or "Book early so that prices stay low." Each adds one clause building on the previous; continue for 10 rounds, then discuss favorites. [conversation_history]
In today's fast-paced world, people make deliberate choices in order to achieve their goals and improve their lives. Take Maria, a young professional from Medellín. She wakes up at 5 AM every day in order to exercise before work. This routine helps her stay fit and focused, so that she performs better during meetings.
Maria also studies English online in order that she can advance her career. Her boss often travels abroad, and she wants to join those trips confidently. "I practice speaking so that I communicate fluently with international clients," she explains. To save time, she listens to podcasts while commuting in order to maximize her learning without wasting moments.
Last weekend, Maria planned a hiking trip with friends in order to relax and reconnect with nature. She packed light gear so that the group could move quickly up the trails. "We chose an early start in order that we avoid the midday heat," she said. This way, everyone enjoyed the views without exhaustion.
Her brother, Carlos, follows a similar approach. He saves money monthly in order to buy a new laptop for his graphic design business. He works extra hours so that he meets deadlines efficiently. By thinking ahead, they both build brighter futures, proving that purpose drives success. (198 words) [conversation_history]
No hay comentarios:
Publicar un comentario