BOOK KEYNOTE 1 (AMERICAN ENGLISH)
TOPICS A1
El verbo "to be" (afirmativo, negativo,
interrogativo)
Pronombres personales sujetos y objetos
Artículos definidos e indefinidos (a, an, the)
Sustantivos en singular y plural
Presente simple (formas afirmativa, negativa e
interrogativa)
Verbos modales básicos (can, can’t para habilidad y permiso)
Presente continuo (formas afirmativa, negativa e
interrogativa)
Hay / no hay con “there is / there are”
Adjetivos simples y su posición en la oración
Adjetivos posesivos (my, your, his, her, its, our, their)
Pronombres posesivos (mine, yours, his, hers, ours, theirs)
This/that, these/those para señalar objetos cercanos y
lejanos
Preposiciones básicas de lugar (in, on, under, next to,
between)
Preposiciones básicas de tiempo (at, on, in)
Expresiones de cantidad (some, any, much, many, a lot of)
Verbos comunes en presente simple (go, have, get, like,
want)
Negaciones con "not" y contracciones
Imperativos para órdenes e instrucciones
Preguntas con verbos auxiliares "do/does" y
palabras interrogativas (what, where, when, who, why, how)
Gustos y preferencias con "like" y "don’t
like"
Adverbios simples de frecuencia (always, usually, sometimes,
never)
Comparativos y superlativos básicos (taller, the tallest)
Plural de sustantivos irregulares (children, men, women)
Números cardinales y ordinales
Expresiones de cantidad indefinida (a few, a little, plenty
of)
Tiempo futuro simple con "will" para decisiones
instantáneas y predicciones
Uso básico de "can" para pedir permiso o hacer
ofertas
Frases interrogativas con "there is/there are"
Frases para describir la rutina diaria y el horario
Conjunciones simples (and, but, or)
"Whose" para preguntar por posesión
Uso de "because" para dar razones sencillas
Expresiones para hablar del clima (It's sunny, it's raining)
Frases comunes para expresar necesidades (I need, I want)
Verbos que se pueden usar con infinitivo y gerundio en forma
sencilla (want to, like -ing)
Introducción a los cuantificadores (all, some, any)
Uso básico del pasado simple para verbos regulares e
irregulares (was/were, went, had)
Formas básicas del pasado continuo
Expresiones para pedir y dar direcciones
Ejercicios con preguntas de confirmación básicas (question
tags)
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TALKING ABOUT
RESOLUTIONS – WHAT WE WANT TO DO AND BE NEXT YEAR OR IN THE UPCOMING YEARS
THINK ABOUT TWO
THINGS YOU WANT TO DO NEXT YEAR. EXAMPLE: I WANT TO TRAVEL NEXT YEAR. I WANT TO
FINISH MY COOKING COURSE
ALSO BRING TO
MIND THE OBSTACLES YOU HAVE TO ACHIEVE THOSE THINGS. EXAMPLE: I WANT TO FINISH
THIS COURSE BUT I NEED TO IMPROVE MORE
I WANT TO TRAVEL
BUT… I DON’T HAVE MONEY
WHAT ARE THE MAIN
POINTS THE WOMAN TALKS ABOUT IN THE VIDEO? WHAT DO YOU AGREE WITH THE MOST?
WHAT ASPECT DO YOU DISAGREE WITH? WHAT WOULD YOU ADD TO THESE RESOLUTIONS?
New Year's resolutions phrased as things people want to do next year:
They want to lose weight and get in better shape.
They want to learn a new language like English or Spanish.
They want to travel to a new country they've never visited.
They want to start a new business or side hustle.
They want to read more books (at least one per month).
They want to save more money for emergencies or vacations.
They want to exercise regularly (gym 3 times a week).
They want to quit smoking or bad habits.
They want to spend more time with family and friends.
They want to advance their career (get a promotion or new job).
ASK EACH OTHER
QUESTIONS: WHAT IS YOUR RESOLUTION FOR NEXT YEAR? WHERE DO YOU WANT TO TRAVEL?
WHAT DO YOU WANT TO STUDY? DO YOU WANT TO GET IN BETTER SHAPE OR KEEP EATING AS
MUCH AS YOU HAVE BEEN CURRENTLY? …. ETC
WHAT ARE YOUR EXPECTATIONS FOR NEXT YEAR? DO YOU THINK IT WILL BE A DIFFICULT, CHALLENGING, AN EASY YEAR? HOW DO YOU THINK IT WILL BE?
WHAT DO YOU THINK
PEOPLE NEED TO DO TO ACHIEVE THEIR GOALS NEXT YEAR? DO THEY NEED TO WORK HARDER?
TO PUT IN MORE EFFORT? DO YOU THINK THEY MUST SET REALISTIC GOALS INSTEAD OF
FANTASIZING?
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TALKING ABOUT THINGS WE ARE DOING AND EVENTS THAT ARE TAKING PLACE NOW
WARM-UP... IDENTIFY WHAT ACTIONS THESE PEOPLE ARE DOING IN THESE PICS
WHAT ARE YOU DOING -- ON THE PHONE -- video
THINK ABOUT 3 THINGS YOU ARE DOING AT THIS MOMENT. ASK ONE OF YOUR CLASSMATES IF WHAT YOU ARE DOING IS TRUE
Read
Speak
Happen
Buy
Change
Leave
Hold
Spend
Ask
Show
Dialogue 1: Travel Plans ✈️
Context: Sam and Chloe are discussing their weekend travel arrangements.
| Line | Speaker | Dialogue (Present Continuous for Future) |
| 1 | Sam | Hi Chloe! Are you doing anything special this weekend? |
| 2 | Chloe | Yes, I am. I am leaving for New York on Friday morning. |
| 3 | Sam | Wow! That sounds exciting. Are you traveling alone? |
| 4 | Chloe | No, I am going with my sister, Maya. |
| 5 | Sam | That’s nice. What are you doing there exactly? |
| 6 | Chloe | We are seeing a Broadway show on Saturday night. |
| 7 | Sam | Which one? |
| 8 | Chloe | Hamilton. We are meeting our cousins before the show. |
| 9 | Sam | Fantastic! When are you coming back home? |
| 10 | Chloe | We are taking the 7 p.m. flight on Sunday. |
💬 Dialogue 2: Work Commitments and Social Gathering 📅
Context: Alex and Ben are reviewing their schedules and making plans to meet.
| Line | Speaker | Dialogue (Present Continuous for Future) |
| 1 | Ben | Alex, are you working late tomorrow afternoon? |
| 2 | Alex | Yes, unfortunately. I am training the new staff until 5 p.m. |
| 3 | Ben | Okay. And what about Thursday? Are you attending the team meeting? |
| 4 | Alex | No, I am not attending the meeting. I am having lunch with a client. |
| 5 | Ben | I see. Can we meet up sometime this week? |
| 6 | Alex | How about Friday evening? We are celebrating Sarah's birthday at the pub. |
| 7 | Ben | That’s a great idea! What time are you going there? |
| 8 | Alex | We are meeting around 7:30 p.m. |
| 9 | Ben | Perfect. I'll see you then! |
| 10 | Alex | Great! I am bringing the cake, so don't worry about dessert! |
Common Verbs for Future Arrangements
1. Verbs of Movement / Travel
These verbs are frequently used because future travel is almost always a fixed arrangement (tickets bought, accommodation booked).
Go (e.g., I'm going to Paris next month.)
Come (e.g., Are they coming to the party?)
Leave (e.g., The train is leaving at 6 p.m.)
Arrive (e.g., The guests are arriving on Friday.)
Fly (e.g., She is flying to Madrid tomorrow.)
Drive (e.g., We are driving to the beach this weekend.)
2. Verbs of Meetings / Appointments
These indicate fixed social or professional appointments.
Meet (e.g., I'm meeting my boss at 10 a.m.)
See (used to mean meet or visit) (e.g., We are seeing the dentist on Tuesday.)
Visit (e.g., They are visiting their grandparents in July.)
Have (used for events like meals or parties) (e.g., We are having dinner with friends tonight.)
3. General Activity Verbs (Scheduled)
These verbs describe a fixed future activity, usually at a specific time or date.
Work (e.g., Is he working late tomorrow?)
Start (e.g., She is starting her new course next Monday.)
Finish (e.g., When are you finishing your project?)
Attend (e.g., I'm attending a conference next week.)
Play (e.g., They are playing golf on Saturday.)
Do (used generally) (e.g., What are you doing this evening?)
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TALKING ABOUT SKILLS I HAVE and things I know how to do
WARM-UP. CAN YOU....?
pick up a language (learn quickly)
figure out problems
work out (exercise)
turn up the music (play loud)
get on with people
speak up (talk loudly/confidently)
show off (demonstrate talent)
keep up with classes
CAN SHE....?
jump rope?
count to 100 in English?
spell your last name?
CAN, CAN'T ... IN MOVIES (video)
SPEAKING. (INDIVIDUALLY)
What can you do best? E.g:
"I can dance best." (simple para A1)
"I can cook very well."
NAME 3 SKILLS YOU CONSIDER YOU HAVE but nobody knows
ACTIVITIES IN GROUP
1. Listen to the video and ask questions to your other classmates about it
2. Choose from these abilities and ask a partner you like
SPIN THE WHEEL-- ADD MORE TO EACH QUESTION.. EX. CAN YOU SING REGGAETON?
DISCUSSION TOPICS
1. Superpowers
"What superpower can you have? I can fly because I want to travel fast. What can you do?"
Prompts: fly, read minds, become invisible, run super fast.
2. Survival Skills
"What can you do if lost in the jungle? I can build a fire. I can't hunt animals."
Prompts: find water, climb trees, make shelter, cook without fire.
3. Dream Jobs
"What job can you do best? I can cook, so I can be a chef. What can't you do?"
Prompts: teach, fix cars, sing on stage, program computers.
4. Party Talents
"What can you do at a party? I can dance well. I can't sing."
Prompts: tell jokes, play guitar, do magic tricks, speak loud.
5. Tech Skills
"What can you do with a phone/computer? I can fix it. I can't program apps."
Prompts: take good photos, edit videos, hack games, build websites.
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EXPRESSING LIKES AND DISLIKES
Warm-up: Thumbs Up / Thumbs Down Chain
Instructions
Students sit in a circle. Teacher starts with a food/activity picture or word on the board (e.g., "pizza").
Teacher asks the class: "Do you like pizza?"
Everyone answers together: "Yes, I do" (thumbs up) or "No, I don't" (thumbs down).
Pick one student who said "Yes" to ask the next student: "Do you like pizza?"
That student answers and asks the next person. Continue around the circle.
Change to new item (ice cream, soccer, dogs, etc.) after 1 full round.
Examples to use: pizza, apples, dogs, movies, school, rain.
DO YOU LIKE...? WHAT KIND OF MOVIES DO YOU LIKE? MUSIC--- VIDEO
Key Differences
Like + verb-ing: Focuses on enjoying the activity or experience in general (pleasure from doing it).
"I like swimming." = I enjoy the activity of swimming.
"I like being a teacher." = I enjoy my current state/job.Like to + verb: Emphasizes performing the action, habits, routines, or what's good/beneficial (not always pure pleasure).
"I like to swim before breakfast." = It's my habit/good for me, even if not always fun.
"I like to eat healthy food." = It's sensible behavior.
When interchangeable
Both work for simple preferences: "I like to read / I like reading books" (same meaning).
INDIVIDUAL ACTIVITY
Think & prepare (individual)
Each student silently chooses:
3 things they like
3 things they don’t like
GROUP ACTIVITY
Speaking rounds (individual interactions)
Students stand up and walk around the classroom.
Each student must talk to at least 5 classmates.
For each classmate, they ask 2–3 questions:
“Do you like pizza?”
“Do you like dancing?”
“Do you like English?”
Instructions (pairs interact)
Pair up students (A & B).
Choose 1 topic from board (e.g., "pizza vs burgers").
Student A starts (1 min):
"I like pizza because it's hot and cheesy."
"I don't like burgers because they're too fatty."
Student B responds (1 min):
"Me too!" or "I don't agree. I like burgers because..."
"What do you think about the cheese?"
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BUYING FRUITS AND VEGETABLES AT THE GROCERY STORE
WARM-UP EXERCISE
Price Tag Point and Practice
Instructions:
Prepare flashcards or real fruit/vegetable pictures without prices visible.
Divide students into pairs. One student (A) holds a picture and points to it silently.
Student B practices asking the price using guided phrases: "How much is the apple?" or "How much are the bananas?".
Student A responds simply: "It's $1" or "They're $2." Switch roles after 3-5 turns.
As a group, model and repeat: Teacher shows item and class chorally asks/answers.
FLASHCARD
VOCABULARY
Grocery store – Buying fruits and vegetables
Customer: Excuse me, how much is an ear of corn?
Seller: An ear of corn is 50 cents each.
Customer: OK, I’ll take three ears of corn, please.
Seller: Sure. Anything else?
Customer: How much is a bunch of grapes?
Seller: A bunch of grapes is 3 dollars.
Customer: Great, I’ll have two bunches of grapes.
Customer: And how much is a kilo of fruit?
Seller: It depends. Which fruit do you want?
Customer: I want some fruit for a salad. How much are the apples?
Seller: The apples are 2 dollars a kilo.
Customer: Perfect. I’ll take one kilo of apples and two cloves of garlic, please.
Seller: Two cloves of garlic and one kilo of apples. Anything else?
Customer: No, that’s all. How much is everything?
Seller: Altogether it’s 10 dollars and 50 cents.
Write a short shopping list with 5–6 items using units, for example. Then, do as if you at the grocery store with the teacher
two ears of corn
a bunch of grapes
three apples
two cloves of garlic
a kilo of fruit
GROUP ACTIVITY: 1.write and act out a dialogue like the one above, adding the vocabulary below:
2. Stand up and ask classmates questions using the grocery language:
“What are you buying at the grocery store?”
“Are you buying any fruit or vegetables?”
“How much is a bunch of grapes in your store?”
“How much are the apples?”
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Describing a Room Using English Articles (a, an, the)
Example:
In my room, there is a bed and a chair.
There is an orange on the table.
The bed is big and comfortable.
The chair is next to the window.
I have a lamp on the nightstand.
The lamp is very bright.
Explanation:
Use "a" and "an" to mention objects for the first time (a bed, an orange).
Use "the" when talking about something already mentioned or known (the bed, the chair).
TEAMWORK: Ask one another questions about their bedroom
INDIVIDUAL WORK: writing... describe your room in five lines using there is, there are, the vocabulary, and articles studied
NOW, LOOK AT THESE PLACES AND DESCRIBE THEM WITH THE WORDS BELOW:
Bed
Lamp
Chair
Table
Shelf
Toolbox
Bicycle
Wrench
Paint
Shopping bag
Escalator
Cashier
Mannequin
Shelf
Toy
Crib
Blanket
Puzzle
Stroller
Bookshelf
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DESCRIBING ONE'S PERSONAL FASHION STYLE
WHAT ARE YOU WEARING ? - VIDEO
WHAT ARE THESE PEOPLE WEARING?
Do you mix different clothing styles, like vintage and modern?
Should workplaces have strict dress codes for style?
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MAKING SPONTANEOUS DECISIONS: USE OF WILL
WILL FOR SPONTANEOUS DECISIONS-- video
Dialogue 1: At the office
A: The printer just broke down.
B: I will look into it right now.
A: Can you fix it quickly?
B: If I can't, I will call tech support.
A: Thanks, I will keep working on the report then.
B: Good plan. I will update you soon.
Dialogue 2: At a restaurant
A: They just brought the wrong dish.
B: I will ask the waiter to bring the right one.
A: Should I wait or start with the salad?
B: I will finish the bread while we wait.
A: Okay, I will have some water too.
B: Let me handle this, I will sort it out.
Dialogue 3: At the airport
A: The flight is delayed again!
B: I will check if there’s another available flight.
A: What if there isn’t?
B: Then I will book a hotel for the night.
A: Sounds good. I will call the car rental company.
B: Great! I will keep you posted.
Dialogue 4: At home
A: The lights just went out!
B: I will grab the flashlight.
A: Should I check the circuit breaker?
B: Yes, I will help you with that.
A: I will call the electrician if it doesn’t work.
B: Good idea. I will stay nearby.
Dialogue 5: At a friend’s party
A: The music stopped suddenly.
B: I will check the speaker setup.
A: Maybe the DJ left early?
B: If so, I will play some songs from my phone.
A: That would be awesome! I will start a dance.
B: Perfect! I *will keep the party going.
PAY ATTENTION TO THIS READING
A Day of On-the-Spot Decisions
Today is a busy day for Jane. She will make many quick decisions.
First, her alarm didn’t ring. She looks at the clock and says, "I will get up now!" She quickly gets dressed and will rush out the door.
On her way, she sees rain starting. "I don’t have an umbrella. I will buy one." Jane stops at a shop. She will pick a blue umbrella.
At work, her boss calls and says the meeting starts early. Jane thinks, "I will leave my desk and go to the meeting room."
After the meeting, Jane feels hungry. She says, "I will grab some lunch from the cafe downstairs." She will order a sandwich.
While eating, her phone rings. It's her friend Mike. He asks, "Will you come to the park now?" Jane answers, "I will! I’m ready."
At the park, they see a game starting. Jane says, “I will join the game.” Mike says, "Great! I will help you warm up."
Suddenly, the ball rolls into the street. Jane says, "I will run and get it." She pays attention and will be careful crossing the road.
Later, Mike says, "Let’s watch a movie tonight." Jane thinks for a second, then says, "I will come with you."
They pick a film and buy tickets. Jane says, "I will buy popcorn." Mike laughs, "I will get drinks."
At the cinema, the projector stops working. The staff says it will take some time. Jane says, "I will wait here."
After the movie, they feel tired. Jane says, "I will call a taxi." Mike says, "I will text our friends."
When Jane gets home, she sees a letter on the table. She says, "I will open it now."
Inside, there is an invitation. Jane smiles. "I will go to the party next week."
Before bed, Jane feels thirsty. She says, "I will get a glass of water."
She lies down, thinking about all her quick decisions today. She says, "Tomorrow I will plan better, but today I will sleep well."
What will you do this weekend?
Will you travel next year?
Where will you live in the future?
Will you learn a new language?
What will you eat for dinner tonight?
Will you watch a movie tonight?
Who will you visit next holiday?
Will you go to a concert this year?
What will you wear to a party?
Will you try a new sport soon?
When will you start your next job?
Will you celebrate a festival this year?
Go to GENERAL TOPICS
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TALKING ABOUT LAST VACATIONS
Last summer, Juan went on an unforgettable vacation around Colombia. First, he visited Cartagena, where he walked along the colorful colonial streets and swam in the Caribbean Sea. After that, he traveled to the Zona Cafetera, and he took a coffee tour. There, he learned how farmers harvested beans and tasted fresh brews every morning.+1
Next, Juan hiked in Tayrona National Park. He climbed rocky trails, saw monkeys in the trees, and relaxed on pristine beaches. Then, he joined friends for tubing down Río Claro. They floated on inner tubes for hours while the current carried them through clear waters. Later, he attended the Barranquilla Carnival, danced cumbia all night, and ate delicious arepas with cheese.+1
Finally, Juan ended his trip in San Andrés. He snorkeled with colorful fish, went whale watching, and barbecued fresh seafood on the beach. Although he felt tired at the end, he created many happy memories. Overall, this vacation refreshed him completely.
Here are 15 common activities Colombians enjoy during vacations:+1
Visiting beaches like Cartagena or San Andrés for sunbathing and swimming.
Taking coffee tours in the Zona Cafetera to learn about production.
Attending festivals such as Barranquilla Carnival with music and dance.
Relaxing in hot springs in San Vicente del Caguán or Termales Santa Rosa de Cabal.
Exploring the Lost City trek in Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta.
Day trips to colorful towns like Guatapé with rock climbing.
WHICH OF THE ABOVE ACTIVITIES DID YOU DO ON YOUR LAST VACATIONS?
WHAT DID YOU DO LAST SUMMER? - VIDEO
DESCRIBE YOUR VACATION - VIDEO
WHAT DID THESE PEOPLE DO LAST VACATION?
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DESCRIBING ONE'S HOUSE
GO BACK TO ACTIVITY 1 AND DESCRIBE YOUR HOUSE
DESCRIBE THESE HOUSES
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Understanding Object Pronouns: Usage and Examples
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Dialogue 1: At the Office
A: Have you called Tom?
B: Yes, I called him this morning.
A: What did he say?
B: He needs the report soon.
A: I'll send it to him right now.
Dialogue 2: With Friends
A: Do you know Maria?
B: Yes, I met her last week.
A: Can you invite her to the party?
B: Sure, I'll tell her about it.
A: Thanks! We need her there.
Dialogue 3: At Home
A: Where are my keys?
B: I saw them on the desk.
A: Did you move them?
B: No, I just saw them there.
A: Great, I'll grab them now.
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ORDERING FOOD in A RESTAURANT
LOOK AT THESE DIALOGUES AND LEARN THE EXPRESSIONS YOU HEAR
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IDENTIFYING OBJECTS: USE OF THIS, THAT, THOSE, THESE
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What is this called?
Who gave you that book?
Where did you buy these shoes?
When do you use those tools?
Which of these pens is yours?
Why is that window open?
How do these devices work?
What are those people doing?
Where can I put this bag?
Who are these children?
DICTATION
PRACTICE THESE DIALOGUES
Are these books yours?
Yes, I picked them up at the library yesterday.
They look quite interesting. What are those ones about?
Those are about travel. I might check them out next week.
This one here is my favorite; I always come back to it.
Let me know if you want to borrow any of them.
Is this charger working properly?
No, it keeps cutting out on me.
I think that cable is old, you should throw it away.
Do you use these adapters often?
Yes, I plug them in almost every day.
Thanks for pointing out that problem—I’ll get a new one.
Have you seen these shoes?
Yeah, I tried them on, but they didn’t fit.
That shop always brings in new styles.
These are much more comfortable than those over there.
Can you help me put away this pair?
Of course, let’s clear up the space together.
Who are those people standing by the bus stop?
Oh, I ran into them yesterday, they’re neighbors.
That’s nice. Do you hang out with them often?
Not really, but sometimes we get together for a barbecue.
These parties are always good fun.
Invite me next time you organize one of those!
Is this how you set up the TV?
Yes, but make sure those cables are plugged in right.
I always mix up these instructions with that old manual.
Don’t worry, I’ll sort out this mess.
After you turn it on, those channels usually pop up automatically.
Great, I’ll write down these steps for future reference.
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THINGS WE USUALLY OR NEVER DO: EXPRESSING FREQUENCY
DIALOGUES - ADVERBS OF FREQUENCY
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I always drink coffee in the morning.
She usually goes for a run before work.
He often forgets to call his friends.
We sometimes order pizza on Fridays.
They rarely eat out at restaurants.
I never skip breakfast.
She goes to yoga twice a week.
We meet our cousins once a month.
He visits his grandparents every now and then.
I check social media from time to time.
They see each other once in a blue moon.
I play tennis on and off throughout the year.
She goes hiking every weekend.
We have family reunions once or twice a year.
He calls me every so often to catch up.
PRACTICE THE FOLLOWING DIALOGUES
Do you ever run into old friends?
Yes, actually, I bump into them every now and then when I go downtown.
That’s nice! I hardly ever run into anyone I know.
I guess it helps that I hang out at the same coffee shop once a week.
Maybe I should start going there, too.
How often do you tidy up your room?
I usually tidy up on Saturdays, but sometimes I put it off until Sunday.
My sister always helps me out if it gets really messy.
That’s great! I rarely get around to cleaning mine.
You should set aside some time each week.
Do you ever look after your neighbor’s dog?
I do, but only on and off. I help out when they go away for the weekend.
Are the dogs difficult to look after?
Not at all. They usually get along with me.
Sounds like you’re good with pets!
How often do you catch up with your relatives?
We catch up once or twice a month, but we always keep in touch online.
My family and I hardly ever get together.
You should try reaching out more. We sometimes hang out at my aunt’s house.
Maybe I’ll set something up next month.
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COMPARING THINGS AND FEATURES: as... as , er, more
READ THE FOLLOWING DIALOGUES THAT CONTAIN COMPARISON PHRASES
1. Correlative Conjunction: as ... as
This structure is used to compare equality between two things, indicating that they are the same in some way.
Structure:
[adjective/adverb] + as + [adjective/adverb] + as
Examples:
She is as tall as her brother.
This car is as fast as the other one.
He runs as quickly as a professional athlete.
This shows that the qualities being compared are equal.
2. Comparatives with "-er"
For short adjectives (usually one syllable), add "-er" to make comparisons showing one thing has more of a quality than another.
Examples:
My house is bigger than yours.
This book is easier to read than the last one.
She is faster than her classmates.
Words ending in "e" just add "r":
nice → nicer
large → larger
3. Comparatives with "more"
For longer adjectives (usually two or more syllables, excluding "-y"), use "more" before the adjective to compare.
Examples:
This movie is more interesting than the one we saw last week.
He is more careful when driving now.
Her house is more expensive than mine.
Summary Table
|
Comparison Type |
Examples |
|
Equal: as ... as |
as tall as, as fast as |
|
Short adjectives: add "-er" |
bigger, smaller, faster |
|
Long adjectives: use "more" |
more beautiful, more difficult |
How to Add "-er" to Adjectives
Basic rule:
For most one-syllable adjectives, simply add -er to the end to form the comparative.
Examples:
tall → taller
fast → faster
small → smaller
Adjectives ending in "e":
If the adjective ends in -e, just add -r (not -er).
Examples:
nice → nicer
large → larger
late → later
Adjectives ending in a consonant + "y":
If the adjective ends in a consonant followed by y, change the y to i and add -er.
Examples:
happy → happier
easy → easier
cloudy → cloudier
Adjectives with short vowel + consonant (CVC) ending:
For one-syllable adjectives that end with a consonant preceded by a short vowel, double the last consonant before adding -er.
Examples:
big → bigger
hot → hotter
sad → sadder
Adjectives with more than one syllable:
Generally, use more + adjective for comparatives instead of adding -er.
Examples:
beautiful → more beautiful
expensive → more expensive
interesting → more interesting
Summary Table
Practice Examples:
Fun → more fun or funner? (Answer: more fun)
Pretty → prettier
Thin → thinner
Simple → simpler
Dangerous → more dangerous
| Ending | Rule | Example | Comparative |
|---|---|---|---|
| Regular one syllable | + -er | tall | taller |
| Ends in -e | + -r | nice | nicer |
| Ends in consonant + y | Change y to i + -er | happy | happier |
| Short vowel + consonant | Double consonant + -er | big | bigger |
| More than one syllable | Usemore + adjective | beautiful | more beautiful |
The comparative form of fun is more fun, NOT funner in
standard English.
Fun is usually considered a noun but often used informally
as an adjective.
Examples:
This game is more fun than the last one.
Going to the park was more fun than staying indoors.
She said that watching movies is more fun with friends.
FARTHER AND FURTHER
Farther
Refers to physical distance that can be measured.
Example: "The gas station is farther down the
road."
Used more in American English for literal, measurable
distances.
Further
Refers to figurative or abstract distance — like degree,
extent, or time.
Example: "We need to discuss this further."
Also used to mean "more" or
"additional," e.g., "Further research is needed."
Can also mean to promote or advance something ("She
furthered her career").
WAY MORE
"Way more" is an informal expression used to
emphasize that there is a lot more of something — much greater in amount,
degree, or extent than expected or compared to something else.
It is often placed before nouns, adjectives, or
comparatives.
Examples with "Way More"
Before nouns:
"There are way more people at the concert than last
year."
"She has way more experience than I do."
Before adjectives/comparatives:
"This exam was way more difficult than I thought."
"He is way more talented than his classmates."
"I'm feeling way more confident today."
For emphasis in conversation:
"I need way more time to finish the project."
"This pizza is way more delicious than the one we had
yesterday."
Dialogue 1
A: Is your new phone as good as your old phone?
B: No, it's even better. But I have to look after it
carefully.
A: That's true. Phones can be expensive.
Dialogue 2
A: I think this movie is more interesting than the last
one.
B: Yes! I didn’t want to wake up early today, but I watched
it till the end.
A: Me too, it kept me awake!
Dialogue 3
A: It’s colder today than yesterday.
B: Let’s turn on the heater then!
A: Good idea. I feel cold already.
Dialogue 4
A: Is your bag as heavy as mine?
B: No, yours is heavier. Can you pick it up for me?
A: Sure, no problem!
Dialogue 5
A: This dress looks more comfortable than the other one.
B: Yes, I like to put on comfortable clothes at home.
A: Me too — comfort is important!
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TALKING ABOUT ONGOING ACTIONS AND EVENTS: PRESENT CONTINUOUS
MAKE AFFIRMATIVE, NEGATIVE AND INTERROGATIVE SENTENCES USING THESE VERBS BELOW
decide
explain
remember
understand
prepare
practice
improve
develop
enjoy
organize
Phrasal verbs:
11. look for
12. get up
13. put on
14. take off
15. turn on
DESCRIBE WHAT THESE PEOPLE ARE DOING IN THESE PICTURES
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TALKING ABOUT WHERE WE ARE FROM (BIRTHPLACE, PLACE WHERE YOU'RE LIVING...)
PRACTICE THIS DIALOGUE. PAY ATTENTION TO THE VOCABULARY AND PHRASES
A: Hi! Where are you from?
B: I'm from Italy. And you?
A: I'm from Colombia. That's sweet!
B: What’s your nationality?
A: I’m Colombian. And yours?
B: I'm Italian. Nice!
A: Do you speak English?
B: A little. I'm learning.
A: That’s great! Keep practicing!
B: Do you like Italy?
A: Yes! I love it there. The food is amazing.
B: I want to visit Colombia someday. That sounds fun!
A: What language do you speak at home?
B: Italian. How about you?
A: My family speaks Spanish.
B: How long have you studied English?
A: Just a few months. And you?
B: A year. Sweet! You’re doing well.
A: Let’s practice English together sometimes.
B: Yes, that’s a good idea!
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What’s your nationality?
Where are you from?
What nationality are you?
Where do you come from?
Are you (nationality)? — for example, "Are you
Italian?"
People come from many different countries and have different
nationalities. For example, someone from Spain is Spanish. Someone from Japan
is Japanese. These words tell us where a person is from.
Countries are fun to learn about. Did you know that Canada has
the longest coastline in the world? Or that Brazil is home to the Amazon
rainforest, the largest tropical rainforest on Earth?
Some countries have interesting traditions. In Scotland,
people play bagpipes, a traditional musical instrument. In Mexico, they
celebrate Día de los Muertos, a colorful holiday to remember loved ones.
Learning about nationalities and countries helps us
understand different cultures. It makes meeting new people more exciting. So,
next time you meet someone, ask them, "Where are you from?" and
learn about their nationality.
What nationality is a person from Spain?
Which country has the longest coastline in the world?
Where is the Amazon rainforest?
What traditional instrument do people play in Scotland?
What holiday do people celebrate in Mexico to remember loved
ones?
HANGMAN - COUNTRIES AND NATIONALITIES
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EXPRESSING POSSESSION: POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES AND PRONOUNS
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LISTEN TO THE CONVERSATION AND PRACTICE ORALLY
WHOSE
The word whose is used to ask about possession or ownership.
It helps find out to whom something belongs.
You use whose at the beginning of a question like this:
Whose book is this? (Who owns this book?)
Whose bag is that? (Who does that bag belong to?)
Whose keys are these? (Who owns these keys?)
You can also use whose alone replacing the noun if it is
clear what you are talking about:
A: Whose is this?
B: It's mine. or It's Sarah's.
In responses, you usually say:
It's John's. or They belong to Mary.
To say possession, you can use 'belong to' or 'it is' +
owner.
Remember, whose always asks about possession and never means
"who is."
EXAMPLES:
Whose book is this?
Whose keys are these?
Whose bag is that?
Whose phone is ringing?
Whose jacket is on the chair?
Whose house is that?
Whose car did you borrow?
Whose shoes are these?
Whose pen did you use?
Whose umbrella is this?
SPEAKING. ANSWER:
1. Whose book were you reading yesterday?
2. Whose phone has been ringing all day?
3. Whose car was parked outside last night?
4. Whose keys did you find on the table?
5. Whose jacket will be hanging on the chair?
6. Whose dog has bitten the neighbor?
7. Whose house did they visit last summer?
8. Whose idea was it to go to the museum?
9. Whose shoes are you wearing today?
10. Whose parents are arriving tomorrow?
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EXPRESSING EXISTENCE: THERE IS AND THERE ARE
READING
In every city, there is a lot to see and do. For example,
in my city, there is a big park near the river where families like to spend
time. There is also a famous museum downtown that attracts many visitors. On
this street, there are several restaurants that serve different types of food.
In a country like mine, there are many beautiful places to
visit. In the capital city, there is a historic square and there are tall
buildings that show modern architecture. In the countryside, there are many
farms and small villages. On the coasts, there are several beaches where
tourists go in the summer.
Sometimes, people ask if there is public transportation
available. Yes, in big cities, there are buses, trains, and taxis that help
people move around easily. However, in smaller towns, there is often limited
transportation, so many people use their own cars.
In summary, use there is when talking about something
singular or uncountable, like there is a monument or there is some traffic.
Use there are when talking about plural things, like there are parks or there
are festivals.
ORAL PRACTICE
Is there a bank near your house?
Are there any parks in your city?
What is there in the city center?
Is there a supermarket on this street?
Are there many schools in your neighborhood?
Where is there a bus stop nearby?
Are there any museums in your town?
Is there a cinema close to your home?
How many restaurants are there in your city?
Is there a hospital in your country?
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REGULAR AND IRREGULAR PLURALS --- USE
Dialog 1:
Customer: Hello! I am looking for some boxes of cereal and
a few loaves of fresh bread. Could you help me find them?
Clerk: Of course! The boxes of cereal are on aisle 3, and
the loaves of bread are right next to the bakery section.
Customer: Great, I also need some men’s socks and a pair of
woman’s gloves.
Clerk: The men’s socks are in aisle 5, and you can find the
women’s gloves by the winter accessories near the cashier.
Customer: Perfect! I’ll take two boxes of cereal, one loaf
of bread, three pairs of men’s socks, and one pair of women’s gloves.
Clerk: Let me know if you need any help with anything else.
Dialog 2:
Customer: Good afternoon. I am looking for some fresh
potatoes and ripe tomatoes. Could you tell me where they are?
Clerk: Yes, the potatoes are in the vegetable section to
your right, and the tomatoes are just next to them.
Customer: Excellent. I also want to buy some knives for my
kitchen. Do you sell them here?
Clerk: Yes, we do. Our kitchenware section is towards the
back. We have sets of knives, forks, and spoons.
Customer: That’s exactly what I need. I’ll check the
kitchenware after I finish buying these vegetables.
Dialog 3:
Customer: Hi there, do you have any handkerchiefs in stock?
I am planning to buy a few as gifts.
Clerk: Yes, we have both regular handkerchiefs and some
fancy ones with embroidery.
Customer: Wonderful! I also want to find some children’s
clothing. Are they on sale today?
Clerk: Yes, the children’s section is just around the
corner and there is a special discount available.
Customer: Great, I’ll take a look at the handkerchiefs
first and then check the children’s clothes.
Dialog 4:
Customer: Excuse me, I’m interested in buying a pair of
sheriffs badges for a costume party.
Clerk: We have several styles in the costume section. You
can find different sets of sheriffs badges along with cowboy hats and boots.
Customer: Perfect! Also, I want to get a few fifes for a
musical event happening this weekend.
Clerk: The musical instruments are in the same aisle. We
have traditional fifes as well as modern ones.
Customer: Thanks for the help! This store has everything I
need.
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06/11/2025
ASKING FOR AND GIVING DIRECTIONS
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Common expressions to ask for directions in English:
Excuse me, where is the [place]?
Excuse me, could you tell me how to get to the [place]?
Do you know where the [place] is?
I'm looking for the [location].
Is this the right way to the [place]?
Can you tell me the best way to get to the [place]?
Sorry to bother you, but can you help me find the [place]?
Could you show me on the map where the [place] is?
Is there a [place] near here?
How do I get to the [place]?
next to: significa "al lado de" o "junto
a"
Ejemplo: The bank is next to the post office.
across from / opposite: significa "frente a" o
"del otro lado de la calle"
Ejemplo: The library is across from the park. / The café is
opposite the school.
in front of: significa "en frente de"
Ejemplo: My office is in front of the mall.
behind: significa "detrás de"
Ejemplo: The parking lot is behind the building.
along: significa "a lo largo de"
Ejemplo: Walk along the river until you reach the bridge.
past: significa "más allá de" o "pasado"
Ejemplo: Go past the supermarket and turn left.
between: significa "entre"
Ejemplo: The restaurant is between the bank and the cinema.
near / close to: significa "cerca de"
Ejemplo: The café is near the station.
on the corner of: significa "en la esquina de"
Ejemplo: The pharmacy is on the corner of Main Street and
Second Avenue.
Across from and opposite usually mean the same thing:
something located on the other side of a street, table, or another object that
lies between the two points. For example, "The bank is across from the
park" or "She sat opposite me at the table" means they are on
opposite sides with something in the middle.
In front of refers to being directly ahead of something or
someone, without necessarily having something between them. For example,
"The car is parked in front of the house" means it is right ahead,
but it does not imply that there is something between them.
In summary:
Across from and opposite indicate a position on the other
side of something (usually with something in between).
In front of indicates a position just ahead, facing or
visible, but not necessarily with something in the middle.
NEXT TO AND BESIDE
Beside and next to both mean "at the side of" or "next to." They can often be used interchangeably. However, beside is slightly more formal and is more common in written English, while next to is used more frequently in everyday speech.
For example, you can say:
"The lamp is beside the bed." (a bit more formal)
"She sat next to me." (more common in
conversation)
The coffee shop is next to the bookstore. If you walk straight down Main Street, you will see the coffee shop right beside the bookstore.
The bank is across from the park. To get there, cross the street and the bank will be directly facing the park.
The pharmacy is opposite the library. When you reach the
intersection, you will find the pharmacy right on the other side of the street
from the library.
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07/11/2025 - 08/11/2025
DESCRIBING OUR OWN HOUSE
Adjectives commonly used to describe a house
Abandoned: no longer in use
Charming: pleasant and attractive
Comfortable: makes you feel relaxed
Cozy: comfortable and warm
Deserted: no one lives there
Dreary: dark and unattractive
Grim: ugly and unattractive
Haunted: believed to have spirits
Homely: feels like home, comfortable
Isolated: far from other houses
Lofty: very high or tall ceilings
Lonely: remote and isolated
Luxurious: elegant, expensive, very comfortable
Minimalist: simple form and design
Old-fashioned: in the style of the past
Portable: can be moved easily, like a tiny home
Solid: made of solid materials like bricks or stone
Spacious: large with ample space
Suburban: located in the suburbs
Shabby: in bad condition, neglected
Vacant: empty, no one lives there
Wooden: made of wood
DESCRIPTION OF A HOUSE
This is a house. It is big and has two floors. Outside,
there is a small garden with flowers and green grass. There is also a garage
for the car. The house has a red door and many windows. When you enter, you see
a living room with a sofa and a TV. The living room is bright and comfortable.
Next to the living room is the kitchen. The kitchen is clean and has a fridge,
a stove, and a table where the family eats. There are three bedrooms in the
house. In the bedrooms, there are beds, closets, and desks. People sleep and
study there. The house has two bathrooms with a shower and a sink. There is
also a balcony where you can see the street. The house is quiet and nice. It is
a very good place to live.
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06/11/2025
GRAMMAR - EXPRESSIONS
EXPLAIN:
THEY LOOK... PRETTY, NICE... INTELLIGENT
WHAT ARE YOU LIKE?
WHAT DO YOU LOOK LIKE?
DESCRIBE THE PEOPLE BELOW USING THE VOCABULARY STUDIED SO FAR
MORE VOCABULARY:
Tiene canas — He has gray hair
tiene el pelo teñido de amarillo — she has dyed yellow hair
tiene el pelo teñido — she has dyed hair
tiene el pelo babeado — she has wet/damp hair
Tiene el cabello hasta los hombros — He has shoulder-length hair
Tiene pecas — He has freckles
Tiene arrugas — He has wrinkles
Tiene patas de gallina — He has crow's feet
Tiene los ojos achinados: he/she has slanted eyes
Es de contextura doble — He has a stocky build
Se ve envejecido — He looks aged
CONNECTORS WE CAN USE FOR DESCRIPTION
Also
Again
Moreover
Furthermore
In addition
Additionally
Besides
Also: She is very kind and also extremely hardworking.
Again: He is punctual; again, his communication skills are excellent.
Moreover: She is a talented artist; moreover, she speaks three languages.
Furthermore: He is friendly and approachable; furthermore, he has great leadership qualities.
In addition: She volunteers at the shelter; in addition, she tutors children on weekends.
Additionally: He is a skilled musician; additionally, he coaches the local soccer team.
Besides: Besides being intelligent, she is very creative and resourceful.
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05/11/2025
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04/11/2025
TALKING ABOUT APPEARANCE AND THE IMPORTANCE OF HAVING A GOOD SELF-ESTEEM
Many teenagers in the USA feel bad about themselves because
of how they look. They think their appearance is very important. Some teens
want to be perfect, but no one is perfect. This can make them feel sad or
unhappy. When teens have low self-esteem, they do not feel good or confident.
They may think they are not pretty or strong enough.
Social media and friends can make this problem bigger. Teens
see many pictures of people who look very nice. Sometimes, these pictures are
not real. They can make teens feel they need to look like those people. This is
not true and can hurt their feelings.
It is important for teenagers to know that being kind,
smart, and happy is more important than looks. Family, teachers, and friends
can help by giving nice words and support. Everyone is special in their own
way.
If a teenager feels sad because of their looks, they should
talk to someone they trust. They should remember that self-worth comes from
inside, not from how someone else sees them. Feeling good about yourself is the
key to a happy life.
Social media is very popular today. Many people use Facebook,
Instagram, TikTok, and other apps every day. Social media lets us share photos
and videos. It can help us stay in touch with friends and family. But social
media also has problems.
One big problem is that social media can change how we see
ourselves. Many people post pictures that look very perfect. Sometimes,
pictures are edited or only show the good parts of life. When we see these
pictures, we may feel bad about ourselves. We may think we are not as pretty,
popular, or successful. This can make us feel sad or less confident.
Also, social media can make us want many "likes"
and comments. We want people to say nice things about us. If we do not get many
likes, we feel unhappy. This can make us worry too much about what others
think.
It is important to remember that social media is not real
life. Everyone has good and bad days. We should love ourselves and be kind to
ourselves. We should talk to friends or family if social media makes us feel
bad.
Nine out of ten teenagers say that their physical appearance
is very important to them. Many young people spend a lot of time thinking about
how they look. Five percent of teenagers say they feel bad about their body
every day. Girls tend to worry more about their appearance than boys. For
example, around 53 percent of American girls say they are unhappy with their
bodies by the age of thirteen.
About 57 percent of girls and nearly half of boys aged 8 to
12 are already affected by beauty content on social media. This shows that the
pressure to look good starts early. Many teens compare themselves to the images
they see online. These images often show perfect people, but they are not real.
Four out of ten teenagers try diets to change their weight
because they want to look better. Some teens spend several hours on social
media, which can increase their worries about appearance. On the other hand,
teenagers who use social media less often feel better about their body and
self-esteem.
It is important for teens to understand that true beauty
comes from inside. Friends and family can help by supporting a positive view of
themselves beyond just looks.
In Colombia, physical appearance is very important to many
people of all ages. From children to adults, Colombians often pay close
attention to how they look. Studies show that Colombians value being fit,
fashionable, and well-groomed.
Many young people want to have a slim body, big eyes, and
nice hair. This idea comes from media and cultural traditions. About 40 percent
of young Colombians say they try to exercise or diet to improve their looks.
Women, especially, feel pressure to look beautiful. Colombia
is still a country with traditional roles, where many think women should be
attractive and men should be strong and powerful. This idea is common in
families and society.
Adults also care about their appearance. Many Colombians go
to gyms or use beauty products to stay fit and healthy. In cities like Bogotá
and Medellín, it is popular to spend time and money on looking good.
Although appearance is important, Colombian culture is
changing. More people now think that being kind and confident is also
beautiful. Family and friends help support this idea.
Overall, Colombians of all ages see physical appearance as
important, but there is growing awareness of inner beauty too.
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28/10/2025
DESCRIBING PHYSICAL APPEARANCE AND PERSONALITY
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28/10/2025
TALKING ABOUT PAST HABITS AND DESCRIBING EVENTS THAT ALREADY HAPPENED
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When I was a child, I played soccer every weekend.
We visited my grandparents every summer.
She always helped her mother in the kitchen.
They watched cartoons after school.
I walked to school with my friends.
He listened to music every night before bed.
We used to eat dinner together as a family.
My brother played the piano when he was young.
I liked to read books before going to sleep.
She never drank coffee when she was small.
When I was a child, I used to live in a small town near the
sea. Every summer, my family and I would go to the beach. We swam in the water
and built big sandcastles. I loved playing with my friends on the shore.
We used to have picnics with sandwiches and fruit.
Sometimes, we walked to a small café to get ice cream. I remember one day when
it rained all afternoon, so we stayed inside and played board games. It was
fun, but I preferred sunny days.
At school, I would study every day after class. I used to
enjoy learning new words and reading books. My favorite subject was English
because I liked listening to stories in class.
My parents didn’t use to work far away, so they were always
home in the evenings. We would eat dinner together and talk about our day.
Now, I live in a big city, and things are different. But I
still remember those happy times by the sea. I think about those days often and
wish I could go back.
Main differences between "would" and "used
to" when talking about past habits are:
Scope of Use
Used to can be used with both action verbs and state verbs (verbs that describe feelings, states, or situations). For example:
"I used to play soccer." (action)
"I used to like coffee." (state)
Would can only be used with action verbs to describe
repeated actions in the past. It cannot be used with state verbs. For example:
Correct: "When I was young, I would play outside every day."
Incorrect: "I would like coffee."
Time Reference
Used to does not require a specific time reference. It
simply indicates something was true in the past but is not true now.
Would typically requires a time frame or context to make
sense, often used in storytelling or nostalgic descriptions specifying when the
habit took place (e.g., "Every summer, we would go to the beach.").
Formality and Tone
Used to is common in everyday speech and writing to talk clearly about past habits or states.
Would is often more formal or literary and can add a
nostalgic or reflective tone when recalling past repeated actions.
Negatives and Questions
We commonly use negatives and questions with used to
("Did you use to play?," "I didn't use to like that.")
Would is rarely used in negatives or questions when
describing past habits.
DICTATION
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27/10/2025
ASKING for and GIVING OPINIONS
Dialogue 1: Talking about favorite colors
A: What’s your favorite color?
B: I like blue. It’s calm and nice. What about you?
A: I like red because it’s bright and happy.
B: I think blue is better than red.
A: That’s okay. Everyone has different opinions.
Dialogue 2: Talking about food
A: Do you like pizza?
B: Yes, I love pizza. It’s tasty!
A: I don’t like pizza so much. I prefer pasta.
B: Really? I think pizza is more delicious.
A: We have different tastes. That’s good!
Technology is part of our daily life. We use phones to talk
and send messages. Phones are smart. Many people like phones because they help
us connect with friends and family.
We also use computers for work and games. Some people think
computers are fun. Others think computers can be difficult to use.
TV is a popular way to see shows and news. Some people like
watching TV, but others do not like it because it can be boring.
Music is nice to listen to. Some people love music, but
others prefer silence.
What do you think about technology? Do you like phones,
computers, TV, or music? It is okay to have different opinions.
ACTIVITY 1
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25/10/2025
DESCRIBING SOMEBODY PHYSICALLY AND PYSCHOLOGICALLY
What can you see in these images?
ADJECTIVES FOR DESCRIBING PEOPLE
DESCRIBE A PERSON YOU KNOW OR SOMEBODY YOU IMAGINE WITH THE ABOVE ADJECTIVES. Write it up with the following linking phrases, as well:
Besides, Next, despite that, in spite of that, above all, First, finally, in addition, Additionally
Physical Appearance
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Describe yourself
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24/10/2025
PAST PROGRESSIVE
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Reading
Last Saturday, I was waking up early. The sun was shining,
and birds were singing outside. While I was brushing my teeth, my mom was
cooking breakfast in the kitchen. My little brother was playing with his toys
in the living room.
At 9 o’clock, we were
having breakfast together. After that, I was reading a book, and my brother was
watching cartoons. Later, my dad was fixing his bike in the garden. It was a
sunny day, and people were walking in the park. My friends were playing
football, and some kids were riding their bikes. While I was sitting on the
bench, I saw a dog that was running and jumping happily. At noon, my mom was
preparing lunch, and I was helping her set the table.
In the afternoon, my family was watching a movie, and I was
eating popcorn. When the phone rang, my brother was sleeping. We were having a
nice and calm day. Everything was peaceful, and we were enjoying our time
together. That day was special because we were spending time as a family, and
everyone was relaxed and happy.
MAKE SENTENCES WITH THESE VERBS IN PAST CONTINUOUS
Eat - I was eating at 7 pm.
Play - She was playing football yesterday.
Read
Watch
Sleep
Cook
Walk
Listen
Work
Talk
Now, look at these examples
What were you doing at 8 p.m. last night?
I was watching TV.
Where were you going when I saw you yesterday?
I was going to the supermarket.
Who were you talking to on the phone this morning?
I was talking to my friend.
Why were they laughing during the meeting?
They were laughing because something funny happened.
How were you feeling when you were waiting for the bus?
I was feeling tired.
In pairs, WRITE A DIALOGUE USING THE PAST PROGRESSIVE TENSE. USE THE VERBS WE'VE STUDIED. ACT OUT THE DIALOGUE IN CLASS
Listen to the questions the teacher asks and answer on your notebooks
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22/10/2025
PAST SIMPLE
The past simple is a verb tense used to talk about things
that happened and finished in the past.
How to form the past simple:
For regular verbs, add -ed to the base form:
work → worked
play → played
use → used
If a verb ends with -e, just add -d:
like → liked
live → lived
There are also irregular verbs which change in different
ways (e.g., go → went, have → had).
When do we use past simple?
To talk about completed actions in the past:
I watched a movie yesterday.
She visited her friend last week.
To talk about past habits or repeated actions:
He played football every weekend.
They went to school by bus when they were children.
To describe past states or situations:
I lived in Spain for two years.
She felt happy yesterday.
Common words used with past simple:
yesterday
last week / month / year
ago
in 2010 (or any past year)
Example sentences:
I cleaned my room yesterday.
They did their homework last night.
We watched TV two days ago.
What time did Lily wake up?
Did she eat a small breakfast?
Where did Lily walk after breakfast?
Who did she see in the park?
What did Lily and Tom play?
What did she cook for lunch?
Was it a good day for Lily?
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21/10/2025
DAILY ROUTINES
Questions - PERSONAL ROUTINE
What time do you wake up?
What do you do after you wake up?
Do you brush your teeth in the morning?
What do you eat for breakfast?
How do you go to school or work?
What do you do after school or work?
What time do you go to bed?
Do you have dinner with your family?
Do you like taking a shower in the morning or evening?
Do you help your parents at home?
WATCH THIS VIDEO TWICE AND ANSWER QUESTIONS RELATED TO IT
My personal routine is simple and fun. I usually wake up at 7 o’clock in the morning. First, I brush my teeth and wash my face. I like to take a shower after I get up because it helps me feel fresh. After that, I eat breakfast. I usually have cereal and orange juice for breakfast.
At 8 o’clock, I leave my house and go to school by bus. I like to listen to music while I travel. School starts at 8:30 and finishes at 2 p.m. After school, I go home and eat lunch with my family. We always talk about our day while we eat.
In the afternoon, I do my homework and sometimes play video games for a little while. I like to relax before dinner. At 6 p.m., I have dinner. My favorite food is pizza, but sometimes I eat vegetables and rice.
After dinner, I help my parents clean the house. I like to keep my house tidy. Then, I read a book or watch a TV show before I go to bed. I usually go to sleep at 9 o’clock. I always brush my teeth before I sleep.
On weekends, my routine changes a little. I wake up later
and spend more time with my friends or family. I also play sports and go to the
park. This routine helps me feel happy and healthy every day.
Write your own daily routine using the action verbs studied and the sequence words. Read it to the class.
Other verbs or action verbs to study:
Do the dishes
Do the laundry
Do the vacuumming
Do the shopping
Do the cleaning
Do the landscaping
Do the housework
Do the chores
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20/10/2025
NUMBERS: DATES, AGE, AND LOCATION
Write and read 5 examples
TYPES OF JOBS
Here are various ways to ask about occupations in English:
What do you do for a living?
What is your job?
Where do you work?
What kind of work do you do?
What’s your profession?
What’s your occupation?
What do you work as?
Are you employed? What do you do?
What was your first job?
Do you like your job?
How long have you been working there?
What are your job responsibilities?
What industry are you in?
What made you choose this career?
What is your dream job?
Do you work full-time or part-time?
What do you enjoy most about your job?
Do you work indoors or outdoors?
Who is your employer?
What are the typical working hours in your job?
Have you ever changed jobs or careers?
TALENTS
Which of these talents do you think you have? Let's practice
Artistic talent (painting, drawing)
Musical talent (singing, playing instruments)
Writing talent
Public speaking
Leadership
Problem-solving
Strategic thinking
Cooking
Dancing
Sports skills (athletics, swimming)
Coding and computer skills
Teaching
Storytelling
Empathy and emotional intelligence
Communication skills
Creativity
Patience
Negotiation
Research and analysis
Organizational skills
WATCH THIS VIDEO AND ANSWER WHAT MINDY IS GOOD AT AND THE SKILLS SHE CLAIMS TO HAVE
Here are 10 expressions to show agreement in English:
In my opinion
I agree with you 100 percent
I couldn't agree more
That's so true
You're absolutely right
Absolutely
Exactly
That's exactly how I feel
No doubt about it
I see your point
And here are 10 expressions to show disagreement in English:
I don't think so
I'm afraid I disagree
I beg to differ
Not necessarily
That's not always true
That's not always the case
No, I'm not so sure about that
No way
I totally disagree
I'd say the exact opposite
Friendly
Considerate
Respectful
Helpful
Trustworthy
Reliable
Quiet
Patient
Polite
Understanding
And here are 10 more qualities of a good neighbor:
Cooperative
Responsible
Attentive
Supportive
Honest
Tidy
Empathetic
Communicative
Respectful of privacy
Some verbs commonly used to describe the behavior of a good
neighbor:
- Help (help others when needed)
- Support (support their neighbors)
- Listen (listen attentively)
- Share (share resources or information)
- Respect (respect others' privacy and property)
- Communicate (communicate openly)
- Cooperate (cooperate on community matters)
- Greet (greet neighbors warmly)
- Visit (visit occasionally)
- Notify (notify others about important news)
- Watch (watch out for each other's safety)
- Invite (invite neighbors to events)
- Apologize (apologize when making mistakes)
- Clean (clean shared spaces)
- Comfort (comfort neighbors in distress)
HOW DO YOU COPE? TALKING ABOUT STRESS
Practice deep breathing exercises or meditation to calm your mind.
Engage in regular physical activity like walking, yoga, or
sports.
Maintain a healthy diet and stay well-hydrated.
Get enough restful sleep each night.
Take breaks and engage in hobbies or activities you enjoy.
Limit caffeine and alcohol intake.
Connect with friends, family, or support groups.
Organize your tasks and set realistic goals to manage time
better.
Practice mindfulness and stay present in the moment.
Avoid overcommitting and learn to say no when necessary.
Useful expressions:
b. Focus on
c. To pass
d. Support somebody
ANSWER THESE QUESTIONS
1. What do you usually do to reduce stress before an exam? And how do you feel afterwards?
2. What do you usually do to reduce stress before an interview?
Other situations that cause stress and things we can do to manage it
SEQUENCE WORDS
JOBS - DREAM JOB
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